“一平台、双纽带”的联系机制将促进中拉之间更加务实有效的对话。近年来，随着拉共体的创建、南方共同市场的扩员，拉美地区一体化推进再度活跃。从长期发展趋势看，合作的程度不会仅停留在协议表面，而是将逐渐落实到加强区域内贸易和投资的实质上来。鉴于目前WTO多哈回合谈判陷入僵局，世界范围内的汇率战、贸易战硝烟再起的现实情况，中拉之间密切的经贸合作关系正好从一定程度上弥补了发达国家因其经济萎缩所留下的缺口，不仅没有使拉美国家对未来全球经济合作丧失信心，反而更加增强了信心。特别是，中拉论坛的成立（即所谓的“一平台”）开启了中拉之间整体深度合作的新进程。在这个平台上，中国与拉美一个有代表性的地区组织进行整体对话与沟通，更加有利于从地区层面进行规划与布局。此外，作为“双纽带”中的一个纽带，也就是在双边自贸协定方面，“中国与智利”、“中国与秘鲁”和“中国与哥斯达黎加”已经签署了自由贸易协定，在这样的示范效应下，将会有更多的拉美国家与中国结成密切的双边自由贸易合作伙伴；同时，作为“双纽带”中的另一个纽带，中国与拉美次区域组织（安第斯共同体、南方共同市场等）之间的合作也将加速推进。这种“以点带面”的方式将为中拉经贸关系发展注入新的活力与内涵。
总而言之，中拉经贸合作的机遇远大于挑战，这充分印证了邓小平在1988年就高瞻远瞩地预测到“21世纪将是太平洋和拉美的世纪”是多么的睿智和伟大。我们有充分的理由相信，中拉经贸合作将从21世纪初的“双手相握”时代走向更加紧密的“热情相拥”时代。
注释
1 作者根据CEIC数据库计算。
2 作者根据CEIC数据库计算。
3 Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC), Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2010-2011: The Region in the Decade of the Emerging Economies, United Nations, 2012, p.17.
4 Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC), Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2013 (briefing paper), United Nations, 2014, p.19.
5 作者根据WTO网站所提供的数据整理计算，http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm。
6 Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC), The United States and Latin America and the Caribbean: Highlights of Economics and Trade, United States, 2011, p5.
7 刘世锦主编:《中国经济增长十年展望》，北京：中信出版社，2013年，第22页。
8 10 胡必亮主编：《2040年的拉丁美洲》，北京：中国大百科全书出版社，2014年，第35页。
9 王海林：《拉美需投两万亿搞基建》，《环球时报》，2013年11月6日。
The Century of the Pacific and Latin America
—Opportunity and Challenge of Sino-Latin America Economic and Trade Cooperation
Hu Biliang Zhang Yong
Abstract: Before the year 2000, economic and trade cooperation between China and Latin America developed very slowly. As Chinese industry becomes more competitive and Chinese economy grows stronger, China has had an increasingly important meaning to Latin America; at the same time, Latin America is also of great significance in sustaining Chinese economic development due to its huge commodity and investment market and rich economic resources. President Xi Jinping visited Latin America for two consecutive years, which helps to advance the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, fully tap the potential of both sides, better use their economic complementarity and transform the mode of economic growth, promote South-South Cooperation, and improve the structure and mechanism of global governance. As long as the two sides continue to jointly eliminate protectionist barriers, try as much as possible to promote balance in investment and trade distribution in different industries and strengthen training professionals on the basis of mutual trust, they will achieve more fruitful results in economic and trade development, industrialization, infrastructure construction and financial cooperation.
Keywords: Sino-Latin America economic and trade cooperation, opportunity, challenge, trend
作者简介
胡必亮，北京师范大学新兴市场研究院院长兼发展研究院院长、教授、博导，曾两次荣获孙冶方经济科学奖。研究方向为发展经济学、制度经济学、新兴市场经济。主要著作有《Informal Institutions and Rural Development in China》等。张勇，中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所副研究员。
