注释
1、包锡南：《北欧国家的环境问题和农业环境保护概况》，《环境科学动态》，1989年第12期。
2～11、13～15、19～21、23、24、30、37、39、40、43、53Greening the economy: Nordic experiences and challenges, TemaNord 2011:532, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011.
12OECD Environmental Performance Reviews - DENMARK, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, 2007.
13～15Greening the economy: Nordic experiences and challenges, TemaNord 2011:532, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011.
16The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 1999~2001, TemaNord Report 2002:581, Nordic Council of Ministers,2002.
17、18、27、32、35、38、41The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2006~2009, TemaNord Report 2009:578, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
19～21Greening the economy: Nordic experiences and challenges, TemaNord 2011:532, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011.
22Nordic Environment: Greening the economy-the Nordic way，http://www.norden.org/en/publications/publikationer/2012-1001，2014年7月30日访问。
25The Nordic Swan - from past experiences to future possibilities. The third evaluation of the Nordic ecolabelling scheme, TemaNord Report 2008:529, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2008.
26、28、29Decoupling of CO2 Emissions from Energy Intensive Industries, TemaNord Report 2006:528, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
31、33、34The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy in the Nordic and Baltic Countries 2001-2005, TemaNord Report 2006:525, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
36、Innovation effects of the Swedish NOx charge. Joint Meetings of Tax and Environment Experts. COM/ENV/EPOC/CTPA/CFA(2009)8/FINAL. Environment Directorate, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, 2010.
42、The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy in the Nordic and Baltic Countries 2001-2005, TemaNord Report 2006:525, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
44、The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2006-2009, TemaNord Report 2009:578, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
45、The Environment and Public Procurement - Common Nordic Procurement Criteria , TemaNord Report 2006:599, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
46、Benefits of Green Public Procurement, TemaNord Report 2009:593, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
47、Nordic Cooperation on Green Public Procurement: The First Set of Criteria Examples, TemaNord Report 2009:759, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
48、Towards sustainable consumption and production-Nordic contribution 2006- 2009. Examples of and conclusions on project results relevant for EU and other international policy processes. Nordic Council of Ministers' Working Group for Sustainable Consumption and Production (NCM-SCP), 2010.
49、The Environment and Public Procurement - Common Nordic Procurement Criteria, TemaNord Report 2006:599, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
50、Towards sustainable consumption and production-Nordic contribution 2006- 2009. Examples of and conclusions on project results relevant for EU and other international policy processes. Nordic Council of Ministers' Working Group for Sustainable Consumption and Production (NCM-SCP), 2010.
51、Environmental Communication to consumers - a Nordic manual, TemaNord Report 2006:750, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.
52、Payment for ecosystem services, TemaNord Report 2009:571, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009.
责 编／杨昀贇
【摘要】北欧国家环境政策的先进程度在世界范围内处于领先地位。上个世纪70年代，北欧国家开始系统治理环境问题。其后，该地区环境政策的发展大致经历了四个发展阶段——命令控制型时期、市场型政策广泛发展时期、气候治理兴起时期以及新市场型政策措施时期。北欧国家的经济社会发展和环境改善，与各种市场型环境政策的采取有着密切的联系。由末端治理转变为实现社会绿色增长，北欧国家的发展经历为各国提供了良好的示范。命令控制型政策无法适应我国日渐严峻的环保需求，可以借鉴北欧国家所采取的对环保行为的鼓励不设上限的市场型政策。
【关键词】北欧国家 环境政策 绿色增长
周珂，中国人民大学法学院教授、博导。研究方向为环境资源法、经济法、房地产法。主要著作有《物业规范管理教程》、《生态环境法论》、《环境法》、《我国入世后环境与贸易问题的法律审视》（论文）等。林潇潇，中国人民大学法学院博士研究生。
