美国为实施其亚太海上安全战略正在强化其同亚太盟国及伙伴国的海上安全合作。第一,美国日本正式修订《美日防卫合作指针》后,决定把日本自卫队与美军的合作扩大到整个亚太海洋地区甚至全球范围。其次,2014年美国同菲律宾签署“增强防务条约”,美国将使用菲律宾的海军和空军基地,菲国会于2016年初最后批准后,美国可以按计划在菲律宾开辟若干个军事基地,以应对南海海上安全突发性局势。再次,美国加强安全伙伴建设。同新加坡、印尼、越南和马来西亚等建立伙伴关系,提升了同越南的军事关系,2016年全面解除输越致命性武器,逐步成为美国实施海上安全战略的军体行动。
注释
①Ryan D. Martinson, "Maritime Strategy With Chinese Characteristics?" March 25, 2016,源自外交家网站:http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/maritime-strategy-with-chinese-characteristics/.
②杨洁勉:《浅析奥巴马政府的全球战略调整》,《国际问题研究》,2011年第2期,第19页。
③The President of United States, "National Security Strategy", February 2015, White House, Washington DC.
④Remarks by Security Advisor Susan Rice on the 2015 National Security Strategy, February 06, 2015, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/06/remarks-national-security-advisor-susan-rice-2015-national-security-stra.
⑤杨洁勉:《浅析奥巴马政府的全球战略调整》,《国际问题研究》,2011年第2期,第21页。
⑥曼佛雷德·莫尔斯:《亚太地区的区域化》,《政治学杂志》,1996年第4期,转引自[德]苏尔兹等编:《亚洲海洋战略》(中文本),北京:人民出版社,2014年,第103页。
⑦转引自阿里·瓦德汉纳:《泛太平洋挑战,APEC及亚太区域合作的印尼视角》,雅加达,1994年,第175页。
⑧2015年版《21世纪海上力量合作战略》,美国同时发布中文本,美国海军司令部网站:http://www.navy.mil/local/maritime/CS21R-Mandarin.pdf。
⑨详细内容可参考美国国防部发布的“亚太海上安全战略”报告英文版:http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/NDAA%20A-P_Maritime_SecuritY_Strategy-08142015-1300-FINALFORMAT.PDF,以及李洪波主编:《2015年世界重要安全文件汇编》,北京:时事出版社,2016年。
Asia-Pacific Maritime Hegemony under the US Global Deployment
Cai Penghong
Abstract: The US National Security Strategy and Maritime Security Strategy focus on the current and future path choices, is a selection process based on strategic implementation and modification, and is also a dynamic state planning. The US Asia-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy is a product resulted under the guidance of the principle and thought of the US National Security Strategy. Since the end of the Cold War, the US once published a series of policy documents and reports concerning the maritime security strategy in the Asia Pacific region; President Obama's administration has updated the US national security strategy and the Asia-Pacific maritime security strategy. Although the strategy documents are issued frequently, the objective is to amend or design on how to maintain the US maritime hegemony on the basis of the latest changes in the international and regional situation.
Keywords: maritime security strategy, global deployment, Asia-Pacific, maritime hegemony
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